06996cam a2200901 i 4500 ocn859168771 OCoLC 20171105115940.0 m o d cr ||||||||||| 130927s2014 nju ob 001 0 eng 2013039428 9781118819296 (ePub) 1118819292 (ePub) 9781118819319 (Adobe PDF) 1118819314 (Adobe PDF) 9781405192835 (hardback) 9781118819333 1118819330 1306403480 9781306403481 1405192836 9781405192835 AU@ 000052005547 DEBSZ 405576080 NZ1 15495764 DEBSZ 42313714X DEBSZ 425887227 NZ1 15906633 DEBSZ 431614024 DEBSZ 449410145 DEBBG BV043607240 DEBSZ 475022769 DEBBG BV043396248 (OCoLC)859168771 (OCoLC)872640902 (OCoLC)874157780 DLC eng rda DLC YDX N$T IDEBK EBLCP YDXCP CUI DG1 CDX DEBSZ NLGGC OCLCF E7B MEAUC RECBK COO DEBBG pcc mm----- MAIN HD2055.7 TEC 003030 bisacsh TEC 003080 bisacsh 630.937 23 HIS002000 bisacsh Halstead, Paul. Two oxen ahead : pre-mechanized farming in the Mediterranean / Paul Halstead. [electronic resource] Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 1 online resource. text rdacontent computer rdamedia online resource rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index. Two Oxen Ahead: Pre-Mechanized Farming in the Mediterranean; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction: Mediterranean Farming between Longue Durée and Contingency; 1.1 Fieldwork; 1.2 Scales of Analysis; References; 2 Working the Earth: Tillage and Sowing; 2.1 Two-Oxen Households in Paliambela; 2.2 Scratching a Living in the Hills of Messenia; 2.3 Tillage Time and Sowing Season from Assiros to Asturias; 2.4 Juggling with Seedcorn; 2.5 Flexible Farmers; 2.6 Ard, Hoe, and Scale of Cultivation; 2.6.1 Ard versus hoe: Benefits; 2.6.2 Ard versus hoe: Costs. 2.6.3 On balance: Hoe or ard, cows or oxen?2.7 Tillage and Sowing in the Past; References; 3 Harvest Time; 3.1 Amorgos: From Field to Threshing Floor; 3.2 When to Reap; 3.3 What and How to Reap; 3.4 After Reaping: Binding, Drying, and Transporting the Harvest; 3.5 Who and How many to Reap; 3.6 Harvest Ceremonies; 3.7 Reaping in the Past; References; 4 Sorting the Wheat from the Chaff; 4.1 Amorgos: On and After the Threshing Floor; 4.2 Ways of Threshing; 4.3 Ways of Winnowing and Coarse Sieving; 4.4 Cleaning for Storage and Consumption; 4.5 Storage; 4.6 Consumption. 4.7 Questions of Scale: Labor and Time Stress4.8 Threshing Floor Customs; 4.9 Crop Processing in the Past; References; 5 Managing the Land: Coping with Failure and Planning for Success; 5.1 Watching the Corn Grow; 5.2 Planning for Success: Fallowing and Rotation; 5.2.1 Fallowing; 5.2.2 Crop rotation; 5.2.3 Fallowing and rotation in space; 5.2.4 Hedging bets: Mixed cropping; 5.3 Planning for success: Manuring; 5.3.1 Stall manure; 5.3.2 Manuring by folded livestock; 5.3.3 Manuring by grazing livestock; 5.4 Planning for success, Mitigating Failure: Irrigation; 5.5 Averting Failure: Weeding. 5.6 Crop Husbandry and Crop Yields5.7 Crop Husbandry and Yields in the Past; References; 6 Family Planning: Land, Labor, and Livestock; 6.1 Clearance; 6.1.1 Uprooting deciduous woodland in lowland northern Greece; 6.1.2 Opening up the maquis in southern Greece; 6.1.3 Shifting cultivation: From Crete to Asturias; 6.1.4 Slashing, burning, and shifting; 6.2 Long-term Improvement: Deep Tillage, Terracing, and Enclosure; 6.3 Extending and Improving Cultivable Land: Drainage and Irrigation; 6.4 Counting the Cost of Extension and Improvement; 6.5 Subsistence and Cash Crops. 6.6 Mixed Farming: Livestock6.7 Labor, Land, and Livestock: The Domestic Cycle; 6.8 Household and Community; 6.9 Land, Labor, and Livestock in the Past; References; 7 Homo agronomicus? Mediterranean Farming, Present and Past; 7.1 Analogies for the past: "Matters of fact" and "Matters of Interest"; 7.2 Cultural Reason; 7.3 Environmental and Technological Constraints; 7.4 Practical Reason: Costs, Benefits, and Knowledgeable Farmers; 7.5 Ancient Farmers: Knowledgeable and Rational?; 7.6 Farming in the Mediterranean: Analogy and Change; References; Glossary; Index. "This revealing study shows how careful analysis of recent farming practices, and related cultural traditions, in communities around the Mediterranean can enhance our understanding of prehistoric and Greco-Roman societies. Includes a wealth of original interview material and data from field observation Provides original approaches to understanding past farming practices and their social contexts Offers a revealing comparative perspective on Mediterranean societies' agronomy Identifies a number of previously unrecorded climate-related contrasts in farming practices, which have important socio-economic significance Explores annual tasks, such as tillage and harvest; inter-annual land management techniques, such as rotation; and intergenerational issues, including capital accumulation "-- Provided by publisher. "Explores annual tasks, such as tillage and harvest; inter-annual land management techniques, such as rotation; and intergenerational issues, including capital accumulation"-- Provided by publisher. Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher. Agriculture Economic aspects Mediterranean Region. Farm management Mediterranean Region. Land use, Rural Mediterranean Region. HISTORY / Ancient / General. bisacsh Landbouwkunde. gtt Agriculture Economic aspects. fast (OCoLC)fst00801415 Farm management. fast (OCoLC)fst00921070 Land use, Rural. fast (OCoLC)fst00991587 Agriculture Economic aspects Mediterranean region. Farm management Mediterranean region. Land use, Rural Mediterranean region. Mediterranean Region. fast (OCoLC)fst01239752 Electronic books. Electronic books. Print version: Halstead, Paul. Two oxen ahead Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-Blackwell, 2014 9781405192835 (DLC) 2013036924 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118819333 Wiley Online Library ddc BK 207011 207011